Diet and bone health
Both women and men are at risk of developing the condition as they age, but women are particularly vulnerable, as eight in 10 sufferers are female. The cost of osteoporosis runs in the billions. A growing field of science shows that diet can be an important tool in preventing bone disease. The potential benefits of calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K 1, phytoestrogens, and nondigestible oligosaccharides are briefly discussed, with particular emphasis on the evidence base. Bone formation exceeds resorption in periods of growth, such as in childhood, but is relatively equal during early and middle adulthood and in aging adults. Fragility fractures are the hallmark of osteoporosis and are particularly common in the spine, hip, and distal forearm. e. Osteoporosis is defined as a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans reports that adequate calcium status is important for optimal bone health and that calcium is a nutrient of concern, since low calcium intake among children aged 9 and older, adolescent girls, adult women, and adults 50 and older is common. Moreover, 1 in 8 European Union (EU) citizens over the age of 50 y will fracture their spine this year ( 1 ). To replace calcium loss in bones, dietary sources of calcium must be consumed. Osteoporotic fractures constitute a major public health problem. It also briefly considers some of the recent findings that highlight the importance of some dietary. Bone health is the result of bone mass, bone architecture, and body mechanics—all of which are supported by nutrition throughout the human life cycle. Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease that affects many older people. Thus, prevention of osteoporosis and its complications is an essential socioeconomic priority.
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Although nutrition is only 1 of many factors that influence bone mass and fragility fractures, there is an urgent need to. The body uses bone tissue as a reservoir and source of calcium to maintain constant concentrations of calcium in the blood, muscles, and intercellular fluids. The estimated remaining lifetime risk of fractures in Caucasian women at age 50 y, based on incidence rates in North America. Currently, in the United States alone, 10 million individuals. Constant resorption (breaking down and releasing minerals) and deposition of calcium into new bone occurs, and the balance changes with age. This article initially overviews osteoporosis, including its definition, etiology, and incidence. Calcium is a mineral essential for both building bones and keeping them healthy. As people develop osteoporosis—a disease that occurs in those who lose too much bone, make too little, or both—bones become weak and can break, even with a minor fall, bump, or sneeze. There are potentially numerous nutrients and dietary components that can. A large number of studies have found that consuming adequate amounts of calcium throughout life may delay or minimize age-related bone loss and thereby decrease the risk of osteoporosis. It then focuses on the importance of certain dietary factors (in particular those that. The following nutrients and the foods that contain them hold particular promise in promoting optimal bone health. Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. This article first briefly defines the principal disease of bone mass (i. For the purposes of clinical diagnosis, a working party of the World Health Organization has redefined osteoporosis according. , osteoporosis) and considers. 2 Additionally, about one-half of women and up to one-quarter of men older than 50 will break a bone because of osteoporosis.
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